Study Design

flowchart LR
pre_test[Pre Test] --> teaching_start[Start learning]
teaching_start -->|Control Group| written_ass[Written Formative Assessments]
teaching_start -->|Treatment Group| oral_ass[AI-based Oral Formative Assessments]
written_ass --> teaching_finish[Finish learning]
oral_ass --> teaching_finish
teaching_finish --> post_test[Post Test - Summative Assessment]

flowchart LR
    pre["Pre-test (both topics)"] --> assign["Group assignment (Counterbalanced)"]

    subgraph Seq_A["Sequence A"]
        A1["Topic 1 • Oral (AI) Assessment"] --> A2["Post-test 1"]
        A2 --> A3["Topic 2 • Written Assessment"]
        A3 --> A4["Post-test 2"]
    end

    subgraph Seq_B["Sequence B"]
        B1["Topic 1 • Written Assessment"] --> B2["Post-test 1"]
        B2 --> B3["Topic 2 • Oral (AI) Assessment"]
        B3 --> B4["Post-test 2"]
    end

    assign -->|Group A| A1
    assign -->|Group B| B1

    A4 --> analysis["Compare learning gains"]
    B4 --> analysis

flowchart TD
    W0["Week 0: Pre-test on both topics"] --> W1_2["Weeks 1–2: Topic 1 learning with formative assessments (≥2 per week)"]
    W1_2 --> W3["Week 3: Post-test for Topic 1"]
    W3 --> W4_5["Weeks 4–5: Topic 2 learning with formative assessments (≥2 per week)"]
    W4_5 --> W6["Week 6: Post-test for Topic 2"]
    W6 --> analysis["Analysis: Compare learning gains across assessment types"]

flowchart LR
    pre["Pre-test (both sections)"]

    subgraph Section_1["Section 1"]
        S1["Instruction + Written Formative Assessments"] --> S2["Post-test"]
    end

    subgraph Section_2["Section 2"]
        S3["Instruction + AI-based Oral Formative Assessments"] --> S4["Post-test"]
    end

    pre --> S1
    pre --> S3

    S2 --> analysis["Compare learning gains between sections"]
    S4 --> analysis