Zhou, Zhuqian, Kirk Vanacore, Tamisha Thompson, Jennifer St John, and Rene Kizilcec. 2026. “Tutor Move Taxonomy: A Theory-Aligned Framework for Analyzing Instructional Moves in Tutoring.” arXiv:2603.05778. Preprint, arXiv, March 6. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.05778.

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In-text annotations

"The current taxonomy is organized into three primary categories." (Page 4)

"Tutoring support moves focus on information gathering and decision-making about how to proceed in the tutoring process. We define probing in this category as brief questions that often invite binary or low-effort responses (e.g., “Did you learn this?” or “Are you with me?”)." (Page 4)

"Learning support moves represent the instructional core of most tutoring sessions. These moves are placed on a spectrum ranging from those designed to elicit active student thinking, explanation, and engagement to those in which the student is a more passive recipient of information or worked examples." (Page 4)

"Social and emotional support moves encompass behaviors through which tutors encourage students, build rapport, and support motivation, confidence, and persistence." (Page 4)